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The global competition for specialised talent is no longer confined to large technology companies or elite research institutions. Now, it affects healthcare systems, universities, manufacturing firms, energy companies, artificial intelligence start-ups, cyber security teams, logistics operators and public infrastructure projects. In a market where innovation depends on rare expertise, attracting and retaining highly qualified professionals has become an economic strategy in itself. This issue is especially important for the United States. The country remains one of the world’s most popular destinations for entrepreneurs, researchers, engineers, physicians, data scientists, executives and other high-achieving professionals. However, the immigration system was not originally designed for the speed and complexity of today’s innovation economy. Many valuable professionals do not fit neatly into a single employer-sponsored role. Some are founders. Some are independent researchers. Some work across several sectors. Others generate value through patents, publications, products, clinical work, commercial growth or specialised knowledge, which cannot easily be measured using a ...